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KMID : 0941820040140010011
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Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
2004 Volume.14 No. 1 p.11 ~ p.23
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Efficacy and Safety of Cyclosporine Therapy in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
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Chon Myoung-Hun
Lee Suk-Hyang
Jin Dong-Kyu
Sohn Kie-Ho
Choi Kyung-Eob
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Abstract
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Although most children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond to corticosteroid therapy, many responders show steroid dependency and frequent relapse. In these children, one of the major problems is the serious side effects resulting from continuous steroid therapy. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of six-month cyclosporine treatment with the low-dose deflazacort therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome. Thirty children with steroid dependence (SD), frequent relapse (FR) and steroid resistance (SR) were enrolled in this study. They were treated with 6-month oral cyclosporine (Cypol-N^{(R)}) plus the low-dose deflazacort (Calcort^{(R)}) therapy at Samsung Medical Center from September 2002. The dosage of cyclosporine was started at 5 mg/kg/day and was monthly adjusted to maintain clinical remission and/or a trough blood level, while deflazacort dosage was reduced gradually. Clinical evaluation and monitoring of cyclosporine toxicity were performed every 2sim4 weeks. Outcomes were compared to the latest sir-month period of steroid only therapy before cyclosporine treatment. Student’’s t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Out of 28 children with SD and FR, 23 (82.1%) sustained remission, and 5 (17.9%) experienced 1 or 2 relapses during therapy. Out of 2 children with SR, 1 child sustained remission, and 1 child showed no response. The mean duration of remission and occurrence of relapse were significantly improved (p <.0001). In addition, the mean dosage of steroid was significantly reduced (p=.003). Although a number of adverse effects occurred in this study, they were not so serious as to necessitate discontinuation of the therapy. No nephrotoxicity was observed. Twenty out of the 28 children who had been in remission relapsed after withdrawal of cyclosporine. Fifteen of these children showed relapse within a month. These results demonstrated that the combination of cyclosporine with the low-dose deflazacort was efficient and safe in children with SD and FR during the six-month treatment. However, further studies are necessary in order to resolve the problem of high relapse rate after discontinuation of cyclosporine.
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KEYWORD
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Cyclosporine, Nephrotic syndrome, Steroid dependency, Steroid side effects, Deflazacort
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